Migrate from `sqlx` to rusqlite (#783)

* Migrate from `sqlx` to rusqlite

1. Add rusqlite with rusqlite with a working thread
2. Add wallet without a thread (synchronous)
3. Add custom migration

Co-authored-by: thesimplekid <tsk@thesimplekid.com>

crates/cdk-mintd/src/main.rs

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             #[cfg(not(feature = "sqlcipher"))]
             let sqlite_db = MintSqliteDatabase::new(&sql_db_path).await?;
             #[cfg(feature = "sqlcipher")]
-            let sqlite_db = MintSqliteDatabase::new(&sql_db_path, args.password).await?;
+            let sqlite_db = MintSqliteDatabase::new(&sql_db_path, args.password.clone()).await?;
 
             let db = Arc::new(sqlite_db);
             MintBuilder::new()
@@ -405,9 +405,11 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             match settings.database.engine {
                 DatabaseEngine::Sqlite => {
                     let sql_db_path = work_dir.join("cdk-mintd-auth.sqlite");
+                    #[cfg(not(feature = "sqlcipher"))]
                     let sqlite_db = MintSqliteAuthDatabase::new(&sql_db_path).await?;
-
-                    sqlite_db.migrate().await;
+                    #[cfg(feature = "sqlcipher")]
+                    let sqlite_db =
+                        MintSqliteAuthDatabase::new(&sql_db_path, args.password).await?;
 
                     Arc::new(sqlite_db)
                 }

crates/cdk-sqlite/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,23 +16,17 @@ default = ["mint", "wallet", "auth"]
 mint = ["cdk-common/mint"]
 wallet = ["cdk-common/wallet"]
 auth = ["cdk-common/auth"]
-sqlcipher = ["libsqlite3-sys"]
+sqlcipher = ["rusqlite/bundled-sqlcipher"]
 
 [dependencies]
 async-trait.workspace = true
 cdk-common = { workspace = true, features = ["test"] }
 bitcoin.workspace = true
-sqlx = { version = "0.7.4", default-features = false, features = [
-    "runtime-tokio-rustls",
-    "sqlite",
-    "macros",
-    "migrate",
-    "uuid",
-] }
-libsqlite3-sys = { version = "0.27.0", features = ["bundled-sqlcipher"], optional = true }
+rusqlite = { version = "0.31", features = ["bundled"]}
 thiserror.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 lightning-invoice.workspace = true
 uuid.workspace = true

crates/cdk-sqlite/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+fn main() {
+    // Step 1: Find `migrations/` folder recursively
+    let root = Path::new("src");
+
+    for migration_path in find_migrations_dirs(root) {
+        // Step 2: Collect all files inside the migrations dir
+        let mut files = Vec::new();
+        visit_dirs(&migration_path, &mut files).expect("Failed to read migrations directory");
+        files.sort();
+
+        // Step 3: Output file path (e.g., `src/db/migrations.rs`)
+        let parent = migration_path.parent().unwrap();
+        let skip_path = parent.to_str().unwrap_or_default().len();
+        let dest_path = parent.join("migrations.rs");
+        let mut out_file = File::create(&dest_path).expect("Failed to create migrations.rs");
+
+        writeln!(out_file, "// @generated").unwrap();
+        writeln!(out_file, "// Auto-generated by build.rs").unwrap();
+        writeln!(out_file, "pub static MIGRATIONS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[").unwrap();
+
+        for path in &files {
+            let name = path.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy();
+            let rel_path = &path.to_str().unwrap().replace("\\", "/")[skip_path..]; // for Windows
+            writeln!(
+                out_file,
+                "    (\"{name}\", include_str!(r#\".{rel_path}\"#)),"
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        writeln!(out_file, "];").unwrap();
+
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", migration_path.display());
+    }
+}
+
+fn find_migrations_dirs(root: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let mut found = Vec::new();
+    find_migrations_dirs_rec(root, &mut found);
+    found
+}
+
+fn find_migrations_dirs_rec(dir: &Path, found: &mut Vec<PathBuf>) {
+    if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(dir) {
+        for entry in entries.flatten() {
+            let path = entry.path();
+            if path.is_dir() {
+                if path.file_name().unwrap_or_default() == "migrations" {
+                    found.push(path.clone());
+                }
+                find_migrations_dirs_rec(&path, found);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn visit_dirs(dir: &Path, files: &mut Vec<PathBuf>) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(dir)? {
+        let entry = entry?;
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if path.is_dir() {
+            visit_dirs(&path, files)?;
+        } else if path.is_file() {
+            files.push(path);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/common.rs

@@ -1,46 +1,135 @@
-use std::str::FromStr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use sqlx::sqlite::{SqliteConnectOptions, SqlitePoolOptions};
-use sqlx::{Error, Pool, Sqlite};
+use rusqlite::{params, Connection};
 
-#[inline(always)]
-pub async fn create_sqlite_pool(
+use crate::pool::{Pool, ResourceManager};
+
+/// The config need to create a new SQLite connection
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Config {
+    path: Option<String>,
+    password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Sqlite connection manager
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct SqliteConnectionManager;
+
+impl ResourceManager for SqliteConnectionManager {
+    type Config = Config;
+
+    type Resource = Connection;
+
+    type Error = rusqlite::Error;
+
+    fn new_resource(
+        config: &Self::Config,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Resource, crate::pool::Error<Self::Error>> {
+        let conn = if let Some(path) = config.path.as_ref() {
+            Connection::open(path)?
+        } else {
+            Connection::open_in_memory()?
+        };
+
+        if let Some(password) = config.password.as_ref() {
+            conn.execute_batch(&format!("pragma key = '{password}';"))?;
+        }
+
+        conn.execute_batch(
+            r#"
+            pragma busy_timeout = 10000;
+            pragma journal_mode = WAL;
+            pragma synchronous = normal;
+            pragma temp_store = memory;
+            pragma mmap_size = 30000000000;
+            pragma cache = shared;
+            "#,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(conn)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Create a configured rusqlite connection to a SQLite database.
+/// For SQLCipher support, enable the "sqlcipher" feature and pass a password.
+pub fn create_sqlite_pool(
     path: &str,
     #[cfg(feature = "sqlcipher")] password: String,
-) -> Result<Pool<Sqlite>, Error> {
-    let db_options = SqliteConnectOptions::from_str(path)?
-        .busy_timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
-        .read_only(false)
-        .pragma("busy_timeout", "5000")
-        .pragma("journal_mode", "wal")
-        .pragma("synchronous", "normal")
-        .pragma("temp_store", "memory")
-        .pragma("mmap_size", "30000000000")
-        .shared_cache(true)
-        .create_if_missing(true);
-
+) -> Arc<Pool<SqliteConnectionManager>> {
     #[cfg(feature = "sqlcipher")]
-    let db_options = db_options.pragma("key", password);
-
-    let is_memory = path.contains(":memory:");
+    let password = Some(password);
 
-    let options = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
-        .min_connections(1)
-        .max_connections(1);
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "sqlcipher"))]
+    let password = None;
 
-    let pool = if is_memory {
-        // Make sure that the connection is not closed after the first query, or any query, as long
-        // as the pool is not dropped
-        options
-            .idle_timeout(None)
-            .max_lifetime(None)
-            .test_before_acquire(false)
+    let (config, max_size) = if path.contains(":memory:") {
+        (
+            Config {
+                path: None,
+                password,
+            },
+            1,
+        )
     } else {
-        options
+        (
+            Config {
+                path: Some(path.to_owned()),
+                password,
+            },
+            20,
+        )
+    };
+
+    Pool::new(config, max_size, Duration::from_secs(5))
+}
+
+/// Migrates the migration generated by `build.rs`
+pub fn migrate(conn: &mut Connection, migrations: &[(&str, &str)]) -> Result<(), rusqlite::Error> {
+    let tx = conn.transaction()?;
+    tx.execute(
+        r#"
+           CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS migrations (
+               name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+               applied_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+           )
+           "#,
+        [],
+    )?;
+
+    if tx.query_row(
+        r#"select count(*) from sqlite_master where name = '_sqlx_migrations'"#,
+        [],
+        |row| row.get::<_, i32>(0),
+    )? == 1
+    {
+        tx.execute_batch(
+            r#"
+        INSERT INTO migrations
+        SELECT
+            version || '_' ||  REPLACE(description, ' ', '_') || '.sql',
+            execution_time
+        FROM _sqlx_migrations;
+        DROP TABLE _sqlx_migrations;
+        "#,
+        )?;
     }
-    .connect_with(db_options)
-    .await?;
 
-    Ok(pool)
+    // Apply each migration if it hasn’t been applied yet
+    for (name, sql) in migrations {
+        let already_applied: bool = tx.query_row(
+            "SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM migrations WHERE name = ?1)",
+            params![name],
+            |row| row.get(0),
+        )?;
+
+        if !already_applied {
+            tx.execute_batch(sql)?;
+            tx.execute("INSERT INTO migrations (name) VALUES (?1)", params![name])?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    tx.commit()?;
+
+    Ok(())
 }

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #![warn(rustdoc::bare_urls)]
 
 mod common;
+mod macros;
+mod pool;
+mod stmt;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "mint")]
 pub mod mint;

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/macros.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+//! Collection of macros to generate code to digest data from SQLite
+
+/// Unpacks a vector of Column, and consumes it, parsing into individual variables, checking the
+/// vector is big enough.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! unpack_into {
+    (let ($($var:ident),+) = $array:expr) => {
+        let ($($var),+) = {
+            let mut vec = $array.to_vec();
+            vec.reverse();
+            let required = 0 $(+ {let _ = stringify!($var); 1})+;
+            if vec.len() < required {
+                return Err(Error::MissingColumn(required, vec.len()));
+            }
+            Ok::<_, Error>((
+                $(
+                    vec.pop().expect(&format!("Checked length already for {}", stringify!($var)))
+                ),+
+            ))?
+        };
+    };
+}
+
+/// Parses a SQLite column as a string or NULL
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! column_as_nullable_string {
+    ($col:expr, $callback_str:expr, $callback_bytes:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => Ok(Some(text).and_then($callback_str)),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => Ok(Some(bytes).and_then($callback_bytes)),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Null => Ok(None),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+    ($col:expr, $callback_str:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => Ok(Some(text).and_then($callback_str)),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => {
+                Ok(Some(String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes)).and_then($callback_str))
+            }
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Null => Ok(None),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+    ($col:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => Ok(Some(text.to_owned())),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => {
+                Ok(Some(String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes).to_string()))
+            }
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Null => Ok(None),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+}
+
+/// Parses a column as a number or NULL
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! column_as_nullable_number {
+    ($col:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => Ok(Some(text.parse().map_err(|_| {
+                Error::InvalidConversion(stringify!($col).to_owned(), "Number".to_owned())
+            })?)),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Integer(n) => Ok(Some(n.try_into().map_err(|_| {
+                Error::InvalidConversion(stringify!($col).to_owned(), "Number".to_owned())
+            })?)),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Null => Ok(None),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "Number".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+}
+
+/// Parses a column as a number
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! column_as_number {
+    ($col:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => text.parse().map_err(|_| {
+                Error::InvalidConversion(stringify!($col).to_owned(), "Number".to_owned())
+            }),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Integer(n) => n.try_into().map_err(|_| {
+                Error::InvalidConversion(stringify!($col).to_owned(), "Number".to_owned())
+            }),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "Number".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+}
+
+/// Parses a column as a NULL or Binary
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! column_as_nullable_binary {
+    ($col:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => Ok(Some(text.as_bytes().to_vec())),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => Ok(Some(bytes.to_owned())),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Null => Ok(None),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+}
+
+/// Parses a SQLite column as a binary
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! column_as_binary {
+    ($col:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => Ok(text.as_bytes().to_vec()),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => Ok(bytes.to_owned()),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+}
+
+/// Parses a SQLite column as a string
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! column_as_string {
+    ($col:expr, $callback_str:expr, $callback_bytes:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => $callback_str(&text).map_err(Error::from),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => $callback_bytes(&bytes).map_err(Error::from),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+    ($col:expr, $callback:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => $callback(&text).map_err(Error::from),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => {
+                $callback(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes)).map_err(Error::from)
+            }
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+    ($col:expr) => {
+        (match $col {
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Text(text) => Ok(text.to_owned()),
+            $crate::stmt::Column::Blob(bytes) => Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes).to_string()),
+            other => Err(Error::InvalidType(
+                "String".to_owned(),
+                other.data_type().to_string(),
+            )),
+        })?
+    };
+}

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/mint/async_rusqlite.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{mpsc as std_mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
+use std::thread::spawn;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use rusqlite::Connection;
+use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};
+
+use crate::common::SqliteConnectionManager;
+use crate::mint::Error;
+use crate::pool::{Pool, PooledResource};
+use crate::stmt::{Column, ExpectedSqlResponse, Statement as InnerStatement, Value};
+
+/// The number of queued SQL statements before it start failing
+const SQL_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = 10_000;
+/// How many ms is considered a slow query, and it'd be logged for further debugging
+const SLOW_QUERY_THRESHOLD_MS: u128 = 20;
+/// How many SQLite parallel connections can be used to read things in parallel
+const WORKING_THREAD_POOL_SIZE: usize = 5;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AsyncRusqlite {
+    sender: mpsc::Sender<DbRequest>,
+    inflight_requests: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+}
+
+/// Internal request for the database thread
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum DbRequest {
+    Sql(InnerStatement, oneshot::Sender<DbResponse>),
+    Begin(oneshot::Sender<DbResponse>),
+    Commit(oneshot::Sender<DbResponse>),
+    Rollback(oneshot::Sender<DbResponse>),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum DbResponse {
+    Transaction(mpsc::Sender<DbRequest>),
+    AffectedRows(usize),
+    Pluck(Option<Column>),
+    Row(Option<Vec<Column>>),
+    Rows(Vec<Vec<Column>>),
+    Error(Error),
+    Unexpected,
+    Ok,
+}
+
+/// Statement for the async_rusqlite wrapper
+pub struct Statement(InnerStatement);
+
+impl Statement {
+    /// Bind a variable
+    pub fn bind<C, V>(self, name: C, value: V) -> Self
+    where
+        C: ToString,
+        V: Into<Value>,
+    {
+        Self(self.0.bind(name, value))
+    }
+
+    /// Bind vec
+    pub fn bind_vec<C, V>(self, name: C, value: Vec<V>) -> Self
+    where
+        C: ToString,
+        V: Into<Value>,
+    {
+        Self(self.0.bind_vec(name, value))
+    }
+
+    /// Executes a query and return the number of affected rows
+    pub async fn execute<C>(self, conn: &C) -> Result<usize, Error>
+    where
+        C: DatabaseExecutor + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        conn.execute(self.0).await
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the first column of the first row of the query result
+    pub async fn pluck<C>(self, conn: &C) -> Result<Option<Column>, Error>
+    where
+        C: DatabaseExecutor + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        conn.pluck(self.0).await
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the first row of the query result
+    pub async fn fetch_one<C>(self, conn: &C) -> Result<Option<Vec<Column>>, Error>
+    where
+        C: DatabaseExecutor + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        conn.fetch_one(self.0).await
+    }
+
+    /// Returns all rows of the query result
+    pub async fn fetch_all<C>(self, conn: &C) -> Result<Vec<Vec<Column>>, Error>
+    where
+        C: DatabaseExecutor + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        conn.fetch_all(self.0).await
+    }
+}
+
+/// Process a query
+#[inline(always)]
+fn process_query(conn: &Connection, sql: InnerStatement) -> Result<DbResponse, Error> {
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut args = sql.args;
+    let mut stmt = conn.prepare_cached(&sql.sql)?;
+    let total_parameters = stmt.parameter_count();
+
+    for index in 1..=total_parameters {
+        let value = if let Some(value) = stmt.parameter_name(index).map(|name| {
+            args.remove(name)
+                .ok_or(Error::MissingParameter(name.to_owned()))
+        }) {
+            value?
+        } else {
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        stmt.raw_bind_parameter(index, value)?;
+    }
+
+    let columns = stmt.column_count();
+
+    let to_return = match sql.expected_response {
+        ExpectedSqlResponse::AffectedRows => DbResponse::AffectedRows(stmt.raw_execute()?),
+        ExpectedSqlResponse::ManyRows => {
+            let mut rows = stmt.raw_query();
+            let mut results = vec![];
+
+            while let Some(row) = rows.next()? {
+                results.push(
+                    (0..columns)
+                        .map(|i| row.get(i))
+                        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+                )
+            }
+
+            DbResponse::Rows(results)
+        }
+        ExpectedSqlResponse::Pluck => {
+            let mut rows = stmt.raw_query();
+            DbResponse::Pluck(rows.next()?.map(|row| row.get(0usize)).transpose()?)
+        }
+        ExpectedSqlResponse::SingleRow => {
+            let mut rows = stmt.raw_query();
+            let row = rows
+                .next()?
+                .map(|row| {
+                    (0..columns)
+                        .map(|i| row.get(i))
+                        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+                })
+                .transpose()?;
+            DbResponse::Row(row)
+        }
+    };
+
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+
+    if duration.as_millis() > SLOW_QUERY_THRESHOLD_MS {
+        tracing::warn!("[SLOW QUERY] Took {} ms: {}", duration.as_millis(), sql.sql);
+    }
+
+    Ok(to_return)
+}
+
+/// Spawns N number of threads to execute SQL statements
+///
+/// Enable parallelism with a pool of threads.
+///
+/// There is a main thread, which receives SQL requests and routes them to a worker thread from a
+/// fixed-size pool.
+///
+/// By doing so, SQLite does synchronization, and Rust will only intervene when a transaction is
+/// executed. Transactions are executed in the main thread.
+fn rusqlite_spawn_worker_threads(
+    inflight_requests: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    threads: usize,
+) -> std_mpsc::Sender<(
+    PooledResource<SqliteConnectionManager>,
+    InnerStatement,
+    oneshot::Sender<DbResponse>,
+)> {
+    let (sender, receiver) = std_mpsc::channel::<(
+        PooledResource<SqliteConnectionManager>,
+        InnerStatement,
+        oneshot::Sender<DbResponse>,
+    )>();
+    let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver));
+
+    for _ in 0..threads {
+        let rx = receiver.clone();
+        let inflight_requests = inflight_requests.clone();
+        spawn(move || loop {
+            while let Ok((conn, sql, reply_to)) = rx.lock().expect("failed to acquire").recv() {
+                tracing::info!("Execute query: {}", sql.sql);
+                let result = process_query(&conn, sql);
+                let _ = match result {
+                    Ok(ok) => reply_to.send(ok),
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        tracing::error!("Failed query with error {:?}", err);
+                        reply_to.send(DbResponse::Error(err))
+                    }
+                };
+                drop(conn);
+                inflight_requests.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    sender
+}
+
+/// # Rusqlite main worker
+///
+/// This function takes ownership of a pool of connections to SQLite, executes SQL statements, and
+/// returns the results or number of affected rows to the caller. All communications are done
+/// through channels. This function is synchronous, but a thread pool exists to execute queries, and
+/// SQLite will coordinate data access. Transactions are executed in the main and it takes ownership
+/// of the main thread until it is finalized
+///
+/// This is meant to be called in their thread, as it will not exit the loop until the communication
+/// channel is closed.
+fn rusqlite_worker_manager(
+    mut receiver: mpsc::Receiver<DbRequest>,
+    pool: Arc<Pool<SqliteConnectionManager>>,
+    inflight_requests: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+) {
+    let send_sql_to_thread =
+        rusqlite_spawn_worker_threads(inflight_requests.clone(), WORKING_THREAD_POOL_SIZE);
+
+    let mut tx_id: usize = 0;
+
+    while let Some(request) = receiver.blocking_recv() {
+        inflight_requests.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        match request {
+            DbRequest::Sql(sql, reply_to) => {
+                let conn = match pool.get() {
+                    Ok(conn) => conn,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        tracing::error!("Failed to acquire a pool connection: {:?}", err);
+                        inflight_requests.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                        let _ = reply_to.send(DbResponse::Error(err.into()));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let _ = send_sql_to_thread.send((conn, sql, reply_to));
+                continue;
+            }
+            DbRequest::Begin(reply_to) => {
+                let (sender, mut receiver) = mpsc::channel(SQL_QUEUE_SIZE);
+                let mut conn = match pool.get() {
+                    Ok(conn) => conn,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        tracing::error!("Failed to acquire a pool connection: {:?}", err);
+                        inflight_requests.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                        let _ = reply_to.send(DbResponse::Error(err.into()));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let tx = match conn.transaction() {
+                    Ok(tx) => tx,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        tracing::error!("Failed to begin a transaction: {:?}", err);
+                        inflight_requests.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                        let _ = reply_to.send(DbResponse::Error(err.into()));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // Transaction has begun successfully, send the `sender` back to the caller
+                // and wait for statements to execute. On `Drop` the wrapper transaction
+                // should send a `rollback`.
+                let _ = reply_to.send(DbResponse::Transaction(sender));
+
+                tx_id += 1;
+
+                // We intentionally handle the transaction hijacking the main loop, there is
+                // no point is queueing more operations for SQLite, since transaction have
+                // exclusive access. In other database implementation this block of code
+                // should be sent to their own thread to allow concurrency
+                loop {
+                    let request = if let Some(request) = receiver.blocking_recv() {
+                        request
+                    } else {
+                        // If the receiver loop is broken (i.e no more `senders` are active) and no
+                        // `Commit` statement has been sent, this will trigger a `Rollback`
+                        // automatically
+                        tracing::info!("Tx {}: Transaction rollback on drop", tx_id);
+                        let _ = tx.rollback();
+                        break;
+                    };
+
+                    match request {
+                        DbRequest::Commit(reply_to) => {
+                            tracing::info!("Tx {}: Commit", tx_id);
+                            let _ = reply_to.send(match tx.commit() {
+                                Ok(()) => DbResponse::Ok,
+                                Err(err) => DbResponse::Error(err.into()),
+                            });
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        DbRequest::Rollback(reply_to) => {
+                            tracing::info!("Tx {}: Rollback", tx_id);
+                            let _ = reply_to.send(match tx.rollback() {
+                                Ok(()) => DbResponse::Ok,
+                                Err(err) => DbResponse::Error(err.into()),
+                            });
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        DbRequest::Begin(reply_to) => {
+                            let _ = reply_to.send(DbResponse::Unexpected);
+                        }
+                        DbRequest::Sql(sql, reply_to) => {
+                            tracing::info!("Tx {}: SQL {}", tx_id, sql.sql);
+                            let _ = match process_query(&tx, sql) {
+                                Ok(ok) => reply_to.send(ok),
+                                Err(err) => reply_to.send(DbResponse::Error(err)),
+                            };
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                drop(conn);
+            }
+            DbRequest::Commit(reply_to) => {
+                let _ = reply_to.send(DbResponse::Unexpected);
+            }
+            DbRequest::Rollback(reply_to) => {
+                let _ = reply_to.send(DbResponse::Unexpected);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If wasn't a `continue` the transaction is done by reaching this code, and we should
+        // decrease the inflight_request counter
+        inflight_requests.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+pub trait DatabaseExecutor {
+    /// Returns the connection to the database thread (or the on-going transaction)
+    fn get_queue_sender(&self) -> mpsc::Sender<DbRequest>;
+
+    /// Executes a query and returns the affected rows
+    async fn execute(&self, mut statement: InnerStatement) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+        statement.expected_response = ExpectedSqlResponse::AffectedRows;
+        self.get_queue_sender()
+            .send(DbRequest::Sql(statement, sender))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Communication)?;
+
+        match receiver.await.map_err(|_| Error::Communication)? {
+            DbResponse::AffectedRows(n) => Ok(n),
+            DbResponse::Error(err) => Err(err),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidDbResponse),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Runs the query and returns the first row or None
+    async fn fetch_one(&self, mut statement: InnerStatement) -> Result<Option<Vec<Column>>, Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+        statement.expected_response = ExpectedSqlResponse::SingleRow;
+        self.get_queue_sender()
+            .send(DbRequest::Sql(statement, sender))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Communication)?;
+
+        match receiver.await.map_err(|_| Error::Communication)? {
+            DbResponse::Row(row) => Ok(row),
+            DbResponse::Error(err) => Err(err),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidDbResponse),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Runs the query and returns the first row or None
+    async fn fetch_all(&self, mut statement: InnerStatement) -> Result<Vec<Vec<Column>>, Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+        statement.expected_response = ExpectedSqlResponse::ManyRows;
+        self.get_queue_sender()
+            .send(DbRequest::Sql(statement, sender))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Communication)?;
+
+        match receiver.await.map_err(|_| Error::Communication)? {
+            DbResponse::Rows(rows) => Ok(rows),
+            DbResponse::Error(err) => Err(err),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidDbResponse),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn pluck(&self, mut statement: InnerStatement) -> Result<Option<Column>, Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+        statement.expected_response = ExpectedSqlResponse::Pluck;
+        self.get_queue_sender()
+            .send(DbRequest::Sql(statement, sender))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Communication)?;
+
+        match receiver.await.map_err(|_| Error::Communication)? {
+            DbResponse::Pluck(value) => Ok(value),
+            DbResponse::Error(err) => Err(err),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidDbResponse),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn query<T>(sql: T) -> Statement
+where
+    T: ToString,
+{
+    Statement(crate::stmt::Statement::new(sql))
+}
+
+impl AsyncRusqlite {
+    /// Creates a new Async Rusqlite wrapper.
+    pub fn new(pool: Arc<Pool<SqliteConnectionManager>>) -> Self {
+        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(SQL_QUEUE_SIZE);
+        let inflight_requests = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+        let inflight_requests_for_thread = inflight_requests.clone();
+        spawn(move || {
+            rusqlite_worker_manager(receiver, pool, inflight_requests_for_thread);
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            sender,
+            inflight_requests,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Show how many inflight requests
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn inflight_requests(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inflight_requests.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+
+    /// Begins a transaction
+    ///
+    /// If the transaction is Drop it will trigger a rollback operation
+    pub async fn begin(&self) -> Result<Transaction<'_>, Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+        self.sender
+            .send(DbRequest::Begin(sender))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Communication)?;
+
+        match receiver.await.map_err(|_| Error::Communication)? {
+            DbResponse::Transaction(db_sender) => Ok(Transaction {
+                db_sender,
+                _marker: PhantomData,
+            }),
+            DbResponse::Error(err) => Err(err),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidDbResponse),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DatabaseExecutor for AsyncRusqlite {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn get_queue_sender(&self) -> mpsc::Sender<DbRequest> {
+        self.sender.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Transaction<'conn> {
+    db_sender: mpsc::Sender<DbRequest>,
+    _marker: PhantomData<&'conn ()>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for Transaction<'_> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let (sender, _) = oneshot::channel();
+        let _ = self.db_sender.try_send(DbRequest::Rollback(sender));
+    }
+}
+
+impl Transaction<'_> {
+    pub async fn commit(self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+        self.db_sender
+            .send(DbRequest::Commit(sender))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Communication)?;
+
+        match receiver.await.map_err(|_| Error::Communication)? {
+            DbResponse::Ok => Ok(()),
+            DbResponse::Error(err) => Err(err),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidDbResponse),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn rollback(self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
+        self.db_sender
+            .send(DbRequest::Rollback(sender))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Communication)?;
+
+        match receiver.await.map_err(|_| Error::Communication)? {
+            DbResponse::Ok => Ok(()),
+            DbResponse::Error(err) => Err(err),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidDbResponse),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DatabaseExecutor for Transaction<'_> {
+    /// Get the internal sender to the SQL queue
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn get_queue_sender(&self) -> mpsc::Sender<DbRequest> {
+        self.db_sender.clone()
+    }
+}

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/mint/auth/migrations.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// @generated
+// Auto-generated by build.rs
+pub static MIGRATIONS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("20250109143347_init.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250109143347_init.sql"#)),
+];

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/mint/auth/mod.rs

@@ -1,52 +1,57 @@
 //! SQLite Mint Auth
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::ops::DerefMut;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::str::FromStr;
-use std::time::Duration;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use cdk_common::database::{self, MintAuthDatabase};
 use cdk_common::mint::MintKeySetInfo;
 use cdk_common::nuts::{AuthProof, BlindSignature, Id, PublicKey, State};
 use cdk_common::{AuthRequired, ProtectedEndpoint};
-use sqlx::sqlite::{SqliteConnectOptions, SqlitePool, SqlitePoolOptions};
-use sqlx::Row;
 use tracing::instrument;
 
+use super::async_rusqlite::AsyncRusqlite;
 use super::{sqlite_row_to_blind_signature, sqlite_row_to_keyset_info};
+use crate::column_as_string;
+use crate::common::{create_sqlite_pool, migrate};
+use crate::mint::async_rusqlite::query;
 use crate::mint::Error;
 
 /// Mint SQLite Database
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct MintSqliteAuthDatabase {
-    pool: SqlitePool,
+    pool: AsyncRusqlite,
 }
 
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+mod migrations;
+
 impl MintSqliteAuthDatabase {
     /// Create new [`MintSqliteAuthDatabase`]
-    pub async fn new(path: &Path) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let path = path.to_str().ok_or(Error::InvalidDbPath)?;
-        let db_options = SqliteConnectOptions::from_str(path)?
-            .busy_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
-            .read_only(false)
-            .create_if_missing(true)
-            .auto_vacuum(sqlx::sqlite::SqliteAutoVacuum::Full);
-
-        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
-            .max_connections(1)
-            .connect_with(db_options)
-            .await?;
-
-        Ok(Self { pool })
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "sqlcipher"))]
+    pub async fn new<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let pool = create_sqlite_pool(path.as_ref().to_str().ok_or(Error::InvalidDbPath)?);
+        migrate(pool.get()?.deref_mut(), migrations::MIGRATIONS)?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            pool: AsyncRusqlite::new(pool),
+        })
     }
 
-    /// Migrate [`MintSqliteAuthDatabase`]
-    pub async fn migrate(&self) {
-        sqlx::migrate!("./src/mint/auth/migrations")
-            .run(&self.pool)
-            .await
-            .expect("Could not run migrations");
+    /// Create new [`MintSqliteAuthDatabase`]
+    #[cfg(feature = "sqlcipher")]
+    pub async fn new<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, password: String) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        let pool = create_sqlite_pool(
+            path.as_ref().to_str().ok_or(Error::InvalidDbPath)?,
+            password,
+        );
+        migrate(pool.get()?.deref_mut(), migrations::MIGRATIONS)?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            pool: AsyncRusqlite::new(pool),
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -57,230 +62,156 @@ impl MintAuthDatabase for MintSqliteAuthDatabase {
     #[instrument(skip(self))]
     async fn set_active_keyset(&self, id: Id) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
         tracing::info!("Setting auth keyset {id} active");
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-        let update_res = sqlx::query(
+        query(
             r#"
-    UPDATE keyset 
-    SET active = CASE 
-        WHEN id = ? THEN TRUE
-        ELSE FALSE
-    END;
-    "#,
+            UPDATE keyset
+            SET active = CASE
+                WHEN id = :id THEN TRUE
+                ELSE FALSE
+            END;
+            "#,
         )
-        .bind(id.to_string())
-        .execute(&mut *transaction)
-        .await;
-
-        match update_res {
-            Ok(_) => {
-                transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                Ok(())
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite Could not update keyset");
-                if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                    tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                }
-                Err(Error::from(err).into())
-            }
-        }
+        .bind(":id", id.to_string())
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn get_active_keyset_id(&self) -> Result<Option<Id>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-        let rec = sqlx::query(
+        Ok(query(
             r#"
-SELECT id
-FROM keyset
-WHERE active = 1;
-        "#,
+            SELECT
+                id
+            FROM
+                keyset
+            WHERE
+                active = 1;
+            "#,
         )
-        .fetch_one(&mut *transaction)
-        .await;
-
-        let rec = match rec {
-            Ok(rec) => {
-                transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                rec
-            }
-            Err(err) => match err {
-                sqlx::Error::RowNotFound => {
-                    transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                    return Ok(None);
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return {
-                        if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                            tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                        }
-                        Err(Error::SQLX(err).into())
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-        };
-
-        Ok(Some(
-            Id::from_str(rec.try_get("id").map_err(Error::from)?).map_err(Error::from)?,
-        ))
+        .pluck(&self.pool)
+        .await?
+        .map(|id| Ok::<_, Error>(column_as_string!(id, Id::from_str, Id::from_bytes)))
+        .transpose()?)
     }
 
     async fn add_keyset_info(&self, keyset: MintKeySetInfo) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-        let res = sqlx::query(
+        query(
             r#"
-INSERT OR REPLACE INTO keyset
-(id, unit, active, valid_from, valid_to, derivation_path, max_order, derivation_path_index)
-VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?);
+        INSERT INTO
+            keyset (
+                id, unit, active, valid_from, valid_to, derivation_path,
+                max_order, derivation_path_index
+            )
+        VALUES (
+            :id, :unit, :active, :valid_from, :valid_to, :derivation_path,
+            :max_order, :derivation_path_index
+        )
+        ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET
+            unit = excluded.unit,
+            active = excluded.active,
+            valid_from = excluded.valid_from,
+            valid_to = excluded.valid_to,
+            derivation_path = excluded.derivation_path,
+            max_order = excluded.max_order,
+            derivation_path_index = excluded.derivation_path_index
         "#,
         )
-        .bind(keyset.id.to_string())
-        .bind(keyset.unit.to_string())
-        .bind(keyset.active)
-        .bind(keyset.valid_from as i64)
-        .bind(keyset.valid_to.map(|v| v as i64))
-        .bind(keyset.derivation_path.to_string())
-        .bind(keyset.max_order)
-        .bind(keyset.derivation_path_index)
-        .execute(&mut *transaction)
-        .await;
-
-        match res {
-            Ok(_) => {
-                transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                Ok(())
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not add keyset info");
-                if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                    tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                }
+        .bind(":id", keyset.id.to_string())
+        .bind(":unit", keyset.unit.to_string())
+        .bind(":active", keyset.active)
+        .bind(":valid_from", keyset.valid_from as i64)
+        .bind(":valid_to", keyset.valid_to.map(|v| v as i64))
+        .bind(":derivation_path", keyset.derivation_path.to_string())
+        .bind(":max_order", keyset.max_order)
+        .bind(":derivation_path_index", keyset.derivation_path_index)
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
 
-                Err(Error::from(err).into())
-            }
-        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn get_keyset_info(&self, id: &Id) -> Result<Option<MintKeySetInfo>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-        let rec = sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-SELECT *
-FROM keyset
-WHERE id=?;
-        "#,
+        Ok(query(
+            r#"SELECT
+                id,
+                unit,
+                active,
+                valid_from,
+                valid_to,
+                derivation_path,
+                derivation_path_index,
+                max_order,
+                input_fee_ppk
+            FROM
+                keyset
+                WHERE id=:id"#,
         )
-        .bind(id.to_string())
-        .fetch_one(&mut *transaction)
-        .await;
-
-        match rec {
-            Ok(rec) => {
-                transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                Ok(Some(sqlite_row_to_keyset_info(rec)?))
-            }
-            Err(err) => match err {
-                sqlx::Error::RowNotFound => {
-                    transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                    return Ok(None);
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    tracing::error!("SQLite could not get keyset info");
-                    if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                        tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                    }
-                    return Err(Error::SQLX(err).into());
-                }
-            },
-        }
+        .bind(":id", id.to_string())
+        .fetch_one(&self.pool)
+        .await?
+        .map(sqlite_row_to_keyset_info)
+        .transpose()?)
     }
 
     async fn get_keyset_infos(&self) -> Result<Vec<MintKeySetInfo>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-        let recs = sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-SELECT *
-FROM keyset;
-        "#,
+        Ok(query(
+            r#"SELECT
+                id,
+                unit,
+                active,
+                valid_from,
+                valid_to,
+                derivation_path,
+                derivation_path_index,
+                max_order,
+                input_fee_ppk
+            FROM
+                keyset
+                WHERE id=:id"#,
         )
-        .fetch_all(&mut *transaction)
-        .await
-        .map_err(Error::from);
-
-        match recs {
-            Ok(recs) => {
-                transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                Ok(recs
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(sqlite_row_to_keyset_info)
-                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?)
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not get keyset info");
-                if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                    tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                }
-                Err(err.into())
-            }
-        }
+        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+        .await?
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(sqlite_row_to_keyset_info)
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?)
     }
 
     async fn add_proof(&self, proof: AuthProof) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-        if let Err(err) = sqlx::query(
+        if let Err(err) = query(
             r#"
-INSERT INTO proof
-(y, keyset_id, secret, c, state)
-VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?);
-        "#,
+            INSERT INTO proof
+            (y, keyset_id, secret, c, state)
+            VALUES
+            (:y, :keyset_id, :secret, :c, :state)
+            "#,
         )
-        .bind(proof.y()?.to_bytes().to_vec())
-        .bind(proof.keyset_id.to_string())
-        .bind(proof.secret.to_string())
-        .bind(proof.c.to_bytes().to_vec())
-        .bind("UNSPENT")
-        .execute(&mut *transaction)
+        .bind(":y", proof.y()?.to_bytes().to_vec())
+        .bind(":keyset_id", proof.keyset_id.to_string())
+        .bind(":secret", proof.secret.to_string())
+        .bind(":c", proof.c.to_bytes().to_vec())
+        .bind(":state", "UNSPENT".to_string())
+        .execute(&self.pool)
         .await
-        .map_err(Error::from)
         {
             tracing::debug!("Attempting to add known proof. Skipping.... {:?}", err);
         }
-        transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn get_proofs_states(&self, ys: &[PublicKey]) -> Result<Vec<Option<State>>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-        let sql = format!(
-            "SELECT y, state FROM proof WHERE y IN ({})",
-            "?,".repeat(ys.len()).trim_end_matches(',')
-        );
-
-        let mut current_states = ys
-            .iter()
-            .fold(sqlx::query(&sql), |query, y| {
-                query.bind(y.to_bytes().to_vec())
-            })
-            .fetch_all(&mut *transaction)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not get state of proof: {err:?}");
-                Error::SQLX(err)
-            })?
+        let mut current_states = query(r#"SELECT y, state FROM proof WHERE y IN (:ys)"#)
+            .bind_vec(":ys", ys.iter().map(|y| y.to_bytes().to_vec()).collect())
+            .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+            .await?
             .into_iter()
             .map(|row| {
-                PublicKey::from_slice(row.get("y"))
-                    .map_err(Error::from)
-                    .and_then(|y| {
-                        let state: String = row.get("state");
-                        State::from_str(&state)
-                            .map_err(Error::from)
-                            .map(|state| (y, state))
-                    })
+                Ok((
+                    column_as_string!(&row[0], PublicKey::from_hex, PublicKey::from_slice),
+                    column_as_string!(&row[1], State::from_str),
+                ))
             })
-            .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, _>>()?;
+            .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, Error>>()?;
 
         Ok(ys.iter().map(|y| current_states.remove(y)).collect())
     }
@@ -290,36 +221,27 @@ VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?);
         y: &PublicKey,
         proofs_state: State,
     ) -> Result<Option<State>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
+        let transaction = self.pool.begin().await?;
 
-        // Get current state for single y
-        let current_state = sqlx::query("SELECT state FROM proof WHERE y = ?")
-            .bind(y.to_bytes().to_vec())
-            .fetch_optional(&mut *transaction)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not get state of proof: {err:?}");
-                Error::SQLX(err)
-            })?
-            .map(|row| {
-                let state: String = row.get("state");
-                State::from_str(&state).map_err(Error::from)
-            })
+        let current_state = query(r#"SELECT state FROM proof WHERE y = :y"#)
+            .bind(":y", y.to_bytes().to_vec())
+            .pluck(&transaction)
+            .await?
+            .map(|state| Ok::<_, Error>(column_as_string!(state, State::from_str)))
             .transpose()?;
 
-        // Update state for single y
-        sqlx::query("UPDATE proof SET state = ? WHERE state != ? AND y = ?")
-            .bind(proofs_state.to_string())
-            .bind(State::Spent.to_string())
-            .bind(y.to_bytes().to_vec())
-            .execute(&mut *transaction)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not update proof state: {err:?}");
-                Error::SQLX(err)
-            })?;
+        query(r#"UPDATE proof SET state = :new_state WHERE state = :state AND y = :y"#)
+            .bind(":y", y.to_bytes().to_vec())
+            .bind(
+                ":state",
+                current_state.as_ref().map(|state| state.to_string()),
+            )
+            .bind(":new_state", proofs_state.to_string())
+            .execute(&transaction)
+            .await?;
+
+        transaction.commit().await?;
 
-        transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
         Ok(current_state)
     }
 
@@ -328,32 +250,27 @@ VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?);
         blinded_messages: &[PublicKey],
         blind_signatures: &[BlindSignature],
     ) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
+        let transaction = self.pool.begin().await?;
+
         for (message, signature) in blinded_messages.iter().zip(blind_signatures) {
-            let res = sqlx::query(
+            query(
                 r#"
-INSERT INTO blind_signature
-(y, amount, keyset_id, c)
-VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?);
-        "#,
+                    INSERT
+                    INTO blind_signature
+                    (y, amount, keyset_id, c)
+                    VALUES
+                    (:y, :amount, :keyset_id, :c)
+                "#,
             )
-            .bind(message.to_bytes().to_vec())
-            .bind(u64::from(signature.amount) as i64)
-            .bind(signature.keyset_id.to_string())
-            .bind(signature.c.to_bytes().to_vec())
-            .execute(&mut *transaction)
-            .await;
-
-            if let Err(err) = res {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not add blind signature");
-                if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                    tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                }
-                return Err(Error::SQLX(err).into());
-            }
+            .bind(":y", message.to_bytes().to_vec())
+            .bind(":amount", u64::from(signature.amount) as i64)
+            .bind(":keyset_id", signature.keyset_id.to_string())
+            .bind(":c", signature.c.to_bytes().to_vec())
+            .execute(&transaction)
+            .await?;
         }
 
-        transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
+        transaction.commit().await?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -362,32 +279,40 @@ VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?);
         &self,
         blinded_messages: &[PublicKey],
     ) -> Result<Vec<Option<BlindSignature>>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-        let sql = format!(
-            "SELECT * FROM blind_signature WHERE y IN ({})",
-            "?,".repeat(blinded_messages.len()).trim_end_matches(',')
-        );
-
-        let mut blinded_signatures = blinded_messages
-            .iter()
-            .fold(sqlx::query(&sql), |query, y| {
-                query.bind(y.to_bytes().to_vec())
-            })
-            .fetch_all(&mut *transaction)
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not get state of proof: {err:?}");
-                Error::SQLX(err)
-            })?
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|row| {
-                PublicKey::from_slice(row.get("y"))
-                    .map_err(Error::from)
-                    .and_then(|y| sqlite_row_to_blind_signature(row).map(|blinded| (y, blinded)))
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, _>>()?;
-
+        let mut blinded_signatures = query(
+            r#"SELECT
+                keyset_id,
+                amount,
+                c,
+                dleq_e,
+                dleq_s,
+                y
+            FROM
+                blind_signature
+            WHERE y IN (:y)
+            "#,
+        )
+        .bind_vec(
+            ":y",
+            blinded_messages
+                .iter()
+                .map(|y| y.to_bytes().to_vec())
+                .collect(),
+        )
+        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+        .await?
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|mut row| {
+            Ok((
+                column_as_string!(
+                    &row.pop().ok_or(Error::InvalidDbResponse)?,
+                    PublicKey::from_hex,
+                    PublicKey::from_slice
+                ),
+                sqlite_row_to_blind_signature(row)?,
+            ))
+        })
+        .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, Error>>()?;
         Ok(blinded_messages
             .iter()
             .map(|y| blinded_signatures.remove(y))
@@ -398,21 +323,20 @@ VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?);
         &self,
         protected_endpoints: HashMap<ProtectedEndpoint, AuthRequired>,
     ) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
+        let transaction = self.pool.begin().await?;
 
         for (endpoint, auth) in protected_endpoints.iter() {
-            if let Err(err) = sqlx::query(
+            if let Err(err) = query(
                 r#"
-INSERT OR REPLACE INTO protected_endpoints
-(endpoint, auth)
-VALUES (?, ?);
-        "#,
+                INSERT OR REPLACE INTO protected_endpoints
+                (endpoint, auth)
+                VALUES (:endpoint, :auth);
+                "#,
             )
-            .bind(serde_json::to_string(endpoint)?)
-            .bind(serde_json::to_string(auth)?)
-            .execute(&mut *transaction)
+            .bind(":endpoint", serde_json::to_string(endpoint)?)
+            .bind(":auth", serde_json::to_string(auth)?)
+            .execute(&transaction)
             .await
-            .map_err(Error::from)
             {
                 tracing::debug!(
                     "Attempting to add protected endpoint. Skipping.... {:?}",
@@ -421,7 +345,7 @@ VALUES (?, ?);
             }
         }
 
-        transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
+        transaction.commit().await?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -429,111 +353,52 @@ VALUES (?, ?);
         &self,
         protected_endpoints: Vec<ProtectedEndpoint>,
     ) -> Result<(), Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-        let sql = format!(
-            "DELETE FROM protected_endpoints WHERE endpoint IN ({})",
-            std::iter::repeat("?")
-                .take(protected_endpoints.len())
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                .join(",")
-        );
-
-        let endpoints = protected_endpoints
-            .iter()
-            .map(serde_json::to_string)
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-
-        endpoints
-            .iter()
-            .fold(sqlx::query(&sql), |query, endpoint| query.bind(endpoint))
-            .execute(&mut *transaction)
-            .await
-            .map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-        transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
+        query(r#"DELETE FROM protected_endpoints WHERE endpoint IN (:endpoints)"#)
+            .bind_vec(
+                ":endpoints",
+                protected_endpoints
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(serde_json::to_string)
+                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?,
+            )
+            .execute(&self.pool)
+            .await?;
         Ok(())
     }
+
     async fn get_auth_for_endpoint(
         &self,
         protected_endpoint: ProtectedEndpoint,
     ) -> Result<Option<AuthRequired>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-        let rec = sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-SELECT *
-FROM protected_endpoints
-WHERE endpoint=?;
-        "#,
+        Ok(
+            query(r#"SELECT auth FROM protected_endpoints WHERE endpoint = :endpoint"#)
+                .bind(":endpoint", serde_json::to_string(&protected_endpoint)?)
+                .pluck(&self.pool)
+                .await?
+                .map(|auth| {
+                    Ok::<_, Error>(column_as_string!(
+                        auth,
+                        serde_json::from_str,
+                        serde_json::from_slice
+                    ))
+                })
+                .transpose()?,
         )
-        .bind(serde_json::to_string(&protected_endpoint)?)
-        .fetch_one(&mut *transaction)
-        .await;
-
-        match rec {
-            Ok(rec) => {
-                transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-                let auth: String = rec.try_get("auth").map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-                Ok(Some(serde_json::from_str(&auth)?))
-            }
-            Err(err) => match err {
-                sqlx::Error::RowNotFound => {
-                    transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-                    return Ok(None);
-                }
-                _ => {
-                    return {
-                        if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                            tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                        }
-                        Err(Error::SQLX(err).into())
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-        }
     }
+
     async fn get_auth_for_endpoints(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<HashMap<ProtectedEndpoint, Option<AuthRequired>>, Self::Err> {
-        let mut transaction = self.pool.begin().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-        let recs = sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-SELECT *
-FROM protected_endpoints
-        "#,
-        )
-        .fetch_all(&mut *transaction)
-        .await;
-
-        match recs {
-            Ok(recs) => {
-                transaction.commit().await.map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-                let mut endpoints = HashMap::new();
-
-                for rec in recs {
-                    let auth: String = rec.try_get("auth").map_err(Error::from)?;
-                    let endpoint: String = rec.try_get("endpoint").map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-                    let endpoint: ProtectedEndpoint = serde_json::from_str(&endpoint)?;
-                    let auth: AuthRequired = serde_json::from_str(&auth)?;
-
-                    endpoints.insert(endpoint, Some(auth));
-                }
-
-                Ok(endpoints)
-            }
-            Err(err) => {
-                tracing::error!("SQLite could not get protected endpoints");
-                if let Err(err) = transaction.rollback().await {
-                    tracing::error!("Could not rollback sql transaction: {}", err);
-                }
-                Err(Error::from(err).into())
-            }
-        }
+        Ok(query(r#"SELECT endpoint, auth FROM protected_endpoints"#)
+            .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|row| {
+                let endpoint =
+                    column_as_string!(&row[0], serde_json::from_str, serde_json::from_slice);
+                let auth = column_as_string!(&row[1], serde_json::from_str, serde_json::from_slice);
+                Ok((endpoint, Some(auth)))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, Error>>()?)
     }
 }

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/mint/error.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,42 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 pub enum Error {
     /// SQLX Error
     #[error(transparent)]
-    SQLX(#[from] sqlx::Error),
+    Sqlite(#[from] rusqlite::Error),
+
+    /// Pool error
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Pool(#[from] crate::pool::Error<rusqlite::Error>),
+    /// Invalid UUID
+    #[error("Invalid UUID: {0}")]
+    InvalidUuid(String),
+    /// QuoteNotFound
+    #[error("Quote not found")]
+    QuoteNotFound,
+
+    /// Missing named parameter
+    #[error("Missing named parameter {0}")]
+    MissingParameter(String),
+
+    /// Communication error with the database
+    #[error("Internal communication error")]
+    Communication,
+
+    /// Invalid response from the database thread
+    #[error("Unexpected database response")]
+    InvalidDbResponse,
+
+    /// Invalid db type
+    #[error("Invalid type from db, expected {0} got {1}")]
+    InvalidType(String, String),
+
+    /// Missing columns
+    #[error("Not enough elements: expected {0}, got {1}")]
+    MissingColumn(usize, usize),
+
+    /// Invalid data conversion in column
+    #[error("Error converting {0} to {1}")]
+    InvalidConversion(String, String),
+
     /// NUT00 Error
     #[error(transparent)]
     CDKNUT00(#[from] cdk_common::nuts::nut00::Error),

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/mint/migrations.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// @generated
+// Auto-generated by build.rs
+pub static MIGRATIONS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("20240612124932_init.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240612124932_init.sql"#)),
+    ("20240618195700_quote_state.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240618195700_quote_state.sql"#)),
+    ("20240626092101_nut04_state.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240626092101_nut04_state.sql"#)),
+    ("20240703122347_request_lookup_id.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240703122347_request_lookup_id.sql"#)),
+    ("20240710145043_input_fee.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240710145043_input_fee.sql"#)),
+    ("20240711183109_derivation_path_index.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240711183109_derivation_path_index.sql"#)),
+    ("20240718203721_allow_unspent.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240718203721_allow_unspent.sql"#)),
+    ("20240811031111_update_mint_url.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240811031111_update_mint_url.sql"#)),
+    ("20240919103407_proofs_quote_id.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240919103407_proofs_quote_id.sql"#)),
+    ("20240923153640_melt_requests.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240923153640_melt_requests.sql"#)),
+    ("20240930101140_dleq_for_sigs.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240930101140_dleq_for_sigs.sql"#)),
+    ("20241108093102_mint_mint_quote_pubkey.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20241108093102_mint_mint_quote_pubkey.sql"#)),
+    ("20250103201327_amount_to_pay_msats.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250103201327_amount_to_pay_msats.sql"#)),
+    ("20250129200912_remove_mint_url.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250129200912_remove_mint_url.sql"#)),
+    ("20250129230326_add_config_table.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250129230326_add_config_table.sql"#)),
+    ("20250307213652_keyset_id_as_foreign_key.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250307213652_keyset_id_as_foreign_key.sql"#)),
+    ("20250406091754_mint_time_of_quotes.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250406091754_mint_time_of_quotes.sql"#)),
+    ("20250406093755_mint_created_time_signature.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250406093755_mint_created_time_signature.sql"#)),
+    ("20250415093121_drop_keystore_foreign.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250415093121_drop_keystore_foreign.sql"#)),
+];

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/pool.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//! Very simple connection pool, to avoid an external dependency on r2d2 and other crates. If this
+//! endup work it can be re-used in other parts of the project and may be promoted to its own
+//! generic crate
+
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Pool error
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+pub enum Error<E> {
+    /// Mutex Poison Error
+    #[error("Internal: PoisonError")]
+    Poison,
+
+    /// Timeout error
+    #[error("Timed out waiting for a resource")]
+    Timeout,
+
+    /// Internal database error
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Resource(#[from] E),
+}
+
+/// Trait to manage resources
+pub trait ResourceManager: Debug {
+    /// The resource to be pooled
+    type Resource: Debug;
+
+    /// The configuration that is needed in order to create the resource
+    type Config: Debug;
+
+    /// The error the resource may return when creating a new instance
+    type Error: Debug;
+
+    /// Creates a new resource with a given config
+    fn new_resource(config: &Self::Config) -> Result<Self::Resource, Error<Self::Error>>;
+
+    /// The object is dropped
+    fn drop(_resource: Self::Resource) {}
+}
+
+/// Generic connection pool of resources R
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Pool<RM>
+where
+    RM: ResourceManager,
+{
+    config: RM::Config,
+    queue: Mutex<Vec<RM::Resource>>,
+    in_use: AtomicUsize,
+    max_size: usize,
+    default_timeout: Duration,
+    waiter: Condvar,
+}
+
+/// The pooled resource
+pub struct PooledResource<RM>
+where
+    RM: ResourceManager,
+{
+    resource: Option<RM::Resource>,
+    pool: Arc<Pool<RM>>,
+}
+
+impl<RM> Drop for PooledResource<RM>
+where
+    RM: ResourceManager,
+{
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(resource) = self.resource.take() {
+            let mut active_resource = self.pool.queue.lock().expect("active_resource");
+            active_resource.push(resource);
+            self.pool.in_use.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+
+            // Notify a waiting thread
+            self.pool.waiter.notify_one();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<RM> Deref for PooledResource<RM>
+where
+    RM: ResourceManager,
+{
+    type Target = RM::Resource;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.resource.as_ref().expect("resource already dropped")
+    }
+}
+
+impl<RM> DerefMut for PooledResource<RM>
+where
+    RM: ResourceManager,
+{
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.resource.as_mut().expect("resource already dropped")
+    }
+}
+
+impl<RM> Pool<RM>
+where
+    RM: ResourceManager,
+{
+    /// Creates a new pool
+    pub fn new(config: RM::Config, max_size: usize, default_timeout: Duration) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            config,
+            queue: Default::default(),
+            in_use: Default::default(),
+            waiter: Default::default(),
+            default_timeout,
+            max_size,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Similar to get_timeout but uses the default timeout value.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn get(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<PooledResource<RM>, Error<RM::Error>> {
+        self.get_timeout(self.default_timeout)
+    }
+
+    /// Get a new resource or fail after timeout is reached.
+    ///
+    /// This function will return a free resource or create a new one if there is still room for it;
+    /// otherwise, it will wait for a resource to be released for reuse.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn get_timeout(
+        self: &Arc<Self>,
+        timeout: Duration,
+    ) -> Result<PooledResource<RM>, Error<RM::Error>> {
+        let mut resources = self.queue.lock().map_err(|_| Error::Poison)?;
+
+        loop {
+            if let Some(resource) = resources.pop() {
+                drop(resources);
+                self.in_use.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+
+                return Ok(PooledResource {
+                    resource: Some(resource),
+                    pool: self.clone(),
+                });
+            }
+
+            if self.in_use.load(Ordering::Relaxed) < self.max_size {
+                drop(resources);
+                self.in_use.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+
+                return Ok(PooledResource {
+                    resource: Some(RM::new_resource(&self.config)?),
+                    pool: self.clone(),
+                });
+            }
+
+            resources = self
+                .waiter
+                .wait_timeout(resources, timeout)
+                .map_err(|_| Error::Poison)
+                .and_then(|(lock, timeout_result)| {
+                    if timeout_result.timed_out() {
+                        Err(Error::Timeout)
+                    } else {
+                        Ok(lock)
+                    }
+                })?;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<RM> Drop for Pool<RM>
+where
+    RM: ResourceManager,
+{
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Ok(mut resources) = self.queue.lock() {
+            loop {
+                while let Some(resource) = resources.pop() {
+                    RM::drop(resource);
+                }
+
+                if self.in_use.load(Ordering::Relaxed) == 0 {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                resources = if let Ok(resources) = self.waiter.wait(resources) {
+                    resources
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                };
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/stmt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use rusqlite::{self, CachedStatement};
+
+use crate::common::SqliteConnectionManager;
+use crate::pool::PooledResource;
+
+/// The Value coming from SQLite
+pub type Value = rusqlite::types::Value;
+
+/// The Column type
+pub type Column = Value;
+
+/// Expected response type for a given SQL statement
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub enum ExpectedSqlResponse {
+    /// A single row
+    SingleRow,
+    /// All the rows that matches a query
+    #[default]
+    ManyRows,
+    /// How many rows were affected by the query
+    AffectedRows,
+    /// Return the first column of the first row
+    Pluck,
+}
+
+/// Sql message
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub struct Statement {
+    /// The SQL statement
+    pub sql: String,
+    /// The list of arguments for the placeholders. It only supports named arguments for simplicity
+    /// sake
+    pub args: HashMap<String, Value>,
+    /// The expected response type
+    pub expected_response: ExpectedSqlResponse,
+}
+
+impl Statement {
+    /// Creates a new statement
+    pub fn new<T>(sql: T) -> Self
+    where
+        T: ToString,
+    {
+        Self {
+            sql: sql.to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Binds a given placeholder to a value.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bind<C, V>(mut self, name: C, value: V) -> Self
+    where
+        C: ToString,
+        V: Into<Value>,
+    {
+        self.args.insert(name.to_string(), value.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Binds a single variable with a vector.
+    ///
+    /// This will rewrite the function from `:foo` (where value is vec![1, 2, 3]) to `:foo0, :foo1,
+    /// :foo2` and binds each value from the value vector accordingly.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn bind_vec<C, V>(mut self, name: C, value: Vec<V>) -> Self
+    where
+        C: ToString,
+        V: Into<Value>,
+    {
+        let mut new_sql = String::with_capacity(self.sql.len());
+        let target = name.to_string();
+        let mut i = 0;
+
+        let placeholders = value
+            .into_iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(key, value)| {
+                let key = format!("{target}{key}");
+                self.args.insert(key.clone(), value.into());
+                key
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(",");
+
+        while let Some(pos) = self.sql[i..].find(&target) {
+            let abs_pos = i + pos;
+            let after = abs_pos + target.len();
+            let is_word_boundary = self.sql[after..]
+                .chars()
+                .next()
+                .map_or(true, |c| !c.is_alphanumeric() && c != '_');
+
+            if is_word_boundary {
+                new_sql.push_str(&self.sql[i..abs_pos]);
+                new_sql.push_str(&placeholders);
+                i = after;
+            } else {
+                new_sql.push_str(&self.sql[i..=abs_pos]);
+                i = abs_pos + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        new_sql.push_str(&self.sql[i..]);
+
+        self.sql = new_sql;
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn get_stmt(
+        self,
+        conn: &PooledResource<SqliteConnectionManager>,
+    ) -> rusqlite::Result<CachedStatement<'_>> {
+        let mut stmt = conn.prepare_cached(&self.sql)?;
+        for (name, value) in self.args {
+            let index = stmt
+                .parameter_index(&name)
+                .map_err(|_| rusqlite::Error::InvalidColumnName(name.clone()))?
+                .ok_or(rusqlite::Error::InvalidColumnName(name))?;
+
+            stmt.raw_bind_parameter(index, value)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(stmt)
+    }
+
+    /// Executes a query and returns the affected rows
+    pub fn plunk(
+        self,
+        conn: &PooledResource<SqliteConnectionManager>,
+    ) -> rusqlite::Result<Option<Value>> {
+        let mut stmt = self.get_stmt(conn)?;
+        let mut rows = stmt.raw_query();
+        rows.next()?.map(|row| row.get(0)).transpose()
+    }
+
+    /// Executes a query and returns the affected rows
+    pub fn execute(
+        self,
+        conn: &PooledResource<SqliteConnectionManager>,
+    ) -> rusqlite::Result<usize> {
+        self.get_stmt(conn)?.raw_execute()
+    }
+
+    /// Runs the query and returns the first row or None
+    pub fn fetch_one(
+        self,
+        conn: &PooledResource<SqliteConnectionManager>,
+    ) -> rusqlite::Result<Option<Vec<Column>>> {
+        let mut stmt = self.get_stmt(conn)?;
+        let columns = stmt.column_count();
+        let mut rows = stmt.raw_query();
+        rows.next()?
+            .map(|row| {
+                (0..columns)
+                    .map(|i| row.get(i))
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+            })
+            .transpose()
+    }
+
+    /// Runs the query and returns the first row or None
+    pub fn fetch_all(
+        self,
+        conn: &PooledResource<SqliteConnectionManager>,
+    ) -> rusqlite::Result<Vec<Vec<Column>>> {
+        let mut stmt = self.get_stmt(conn)?;
+        let columns = stmt.column_count();
+        let mut rows = stmt.raw_query();
+        let mut results = vec![];
+
+        while let Some(row) = rows.next()? {
+            results.push(
+                (0..columns)
+                    .map(|i| row.get(i))
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+            );
+        }
+
+        Ok(results)
+    }
+}

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/wallet/error.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,23 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 pub enum Error {
     /// SQLX Error
     #[error(transparent)]
-    SQLX(#[from] sqlx::Error),
+    Sqlite(#[from] rusqlite::Error),
+    /// Pool error
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Pool(#[from] crate::pool::Error<rusqlite::Error>),
+
+    /// Missing columns
+    #[error("Not enough elements: expected {0}, got {1}")]
+    MissingColumn(usize, usize),
+
+    /// Invalid db type
+    #[error("Invalid type from db, expected {0} got {1}")]
+    InvalidType(String, String),
+
+    /// Invalid data conversion in column
+    #[error("Error converting {0} to {1}")]
+    InvalidConversion(String, String),
+
     /// Serde Error
     #[error(transparent)]
     Serde(#[from] serde_json::Error),

crates/cdk-sqlite/src/wallet/migrations.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// @generated
+// Auto-generated by build.rs
+pub static MIGRATIONS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("20240612132920_init.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240612132920_init.sql"#)),
+    ("20240618200350_quote_state.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240618200350_quote_state.sql"#)),
+    ("20240626091921_nut04_state.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240626091921_nut04_state.sql"#)),
+    ("20240710144711_input_fee.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240710144711_input_fee.sql"#)),
+    ("20240810214105_mint_icon_url.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240810214105_mint_icon_url.sql"#)),
+    ("20240810233905_update_mint_url.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240810233905_update_mint_url.sql"#)),
+    ("20240902151515_icon_url.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240902151515_icon_url.sql"#)),
+    ("20240902210905_mint_time.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20240902210905_mint_time.sql"#)),
+    ("20241011125207_mint_urls.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20241011125207_mint_urls.sql"#)),
+    ("20241108092756_wallet_mint_quote_secretkey.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20241108092756_wallet_mint_quote_secretkey.sql"#)),
+    ("20250214135017_mint_tos.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250214135017_mint_tos.sql"#)),
+    ("20250310111513_drop_nostr_last_checked.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250310111513_drop_nostr_last_checked.sql"#)),
+    ("20250314082116_allow_pending_spent.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250314082116_allow_pending_spent.sql"#)),
+    ("20250323152040_wallet_dleq_proofs.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250323152040_wallet_dleq_proofs.sql"#)),
+    ("20250401120000_add_transactions_table.sql", include_str!(r#"./migrations/20250401120000_add_transactions_table.sql"#)),
+];

crates/cdk-sqlite/tests/legacy-sqlx.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE TABLE _sqlx_migrations (
+    version BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
+    description TEXT NOT NULL,
+    installed_on TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    success BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    checksum BLOB NOT NULL,
+    execution_time BIGINT NOT NULL
+);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240612124932,'init','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'42664ceda25b07bca420c2f7480c90334cb8a720203c1b4b8971181d5d3afabda3171aa89c1c0c8a26421eded94b77fa',921834);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240618195700,'quote state','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'4b3a5a7f91032320f32b2c60a4348f0e80cef98fcf58153c4c942aa5124ddadce7c5c4338f29d2cb672fc4c08dd894a6',1019333);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240626092101,'nut04 state','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'3641316faa018b13892d2972010b26a68d48b499aa67f8c084587265d070b575f541f165a9e2c5653b9c81a8dc198843',814000);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240703122347,'request lookup id','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'234851aa0990048e119d07e9844f064ee71731c4e21021934e733359d6c50bc95a40051673f0a06e82d151c34fff6e8a',430875);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240710145043,'input fee','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'422d4ce6a1d94c2df4a7fd9400c3d45db35953e53ba46025df7d3ed4d373e04f948468dcbcd8155829a5441f8b46d7f3',302916);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240711183109,'derivation path index','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'83651c857135516fd578c5ee9f179a04964dc9a366a5b698c1cb54f2b5aa139dc912d34e28c5ff4cc157e6991032952f',225125);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240718203721,'allow unspent','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'9b900846657b9083cdeca3da6ca7d74487c400f715f7d455c6a662de6b60e2761c3d80ea67d820e9b1ec9fbfd596e267',776167);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240811031111,'update mint url','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'b8d771e08d3bbe3fc1e8beb1674714f0306d7f9f7cc09990fc0215850179a64366c8c46305ea0c1fb5dbc73a5fe48207',79334);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240919103407,'proofs quote id','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'e3df13daebbc7df1907c68963258ad3722a0f2398f5ee1e92ea1824ce1a22f5657411f9c08a1f72bfd250e40630fdca5',387875);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240923153640,'melt requests','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'8c35d740fbb1c0c13dc4594da50cce3e066cba2ff3926a5527629207678afe3a4fa3b7c8f5fab7e08525c676a4098154',188958);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20240930101140,'dleq for sigs','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'23c61a60db9bb145c238bb305583ccc025cd17958e61a6ff97ef0e4385517fe87729f77de0c26ce9cfa3a0c70b273038',383542);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20241108093102,'mint mint quote pubkey','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'00c83af91dc109368fcdc9a1360e1c893afcac3a649c7dfd04e841f1f8fe3d0e99a2ade6891ab752e1b942a738ac6b44',246875);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20250103201327,'amount to pay msats','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'4cc8bd34aec65365271e2dc2a19735403c8551dbf738b541659399c900fb167577d3f02b1988679e6c7922fe018b9a32',235041);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20250129200912,'remove mint url','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'f86b07a6b816683d72bdad637502a47cdeb21f6535aa8e2c0647d4b29f4f58931683b72062b3e313a5936264876bb2c3',638084);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20250129230326,'add config table','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'c232f4cfa032105cdd48097197d7fb0eea290a593af0996434c3f1f5396efb41d1f225592b292367fd9d584672a347d8',163625);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20250307213652,'keyset id as foreign key','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'50a36140780074b2730d429d664c2a7593f2c2237c1a36ed2a11e22c40bfa40b24dc3a5c8089959fae955fdbe2f06533',1498459);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20250406091754,'mint time of quotes','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'ac0165a8371cf7ad424be08c0e6931e1dd1249354ea0e33b4a04ff48ab4188da105e1fd763c42f06aeb733eb33d85415',934250);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20250406093755,'mint created time signature','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'7f2ff8e30f66ab142753cc2e0faec89560726d96298e9ce0c9e871974300fcbe7c2f8a9b2d48ed4ca8daf1b9a5043e95',447000);
+INSERT INTO _sqlx_migrations VALUES(20250415093121,'drop keystore foreign','2025-06-13 20:01:04',1,X'efa99131d37335d64c86680c9e5b1362c2bf4d03fbdb6f60c9160edc572add6422d871f76a245d6f55f7fb6f4491b825',1375084);
+CREATE TABLE keyset (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    unit TEXT NOT NULL,
+    active BOOL NOT NULL,
+    valid_from INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    valid_to INTEGER,
+    derivation_path TEXT NOT NULL,
+    max_order INTEGER NOT NULL
+, input_fee_ppk INTEGER, derivation_path_index INTEGER);
+INSERT INTO keyset VALUES('0083a60439303340','sat',1,1749844864,NULL,'0''/0''/0''',32,0,0);
+INSERT INTO keyset VALUES('00b13456b2934304','auth',1,1749844864,NULL,'0''/4''/0''',1,0,0);
+INSERT INTO keyset VALUES('0002c733628bb92f','usd',1,1749844864,NULL,'0''/2''/0''',32,0,0);
+CREATE TABLE mint_quote (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    amount INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    unit TEXT NOT NULL,
+    request TEXT NOT NULL,
+    expiry INTEGER NOT NULL
+, state TEXT CHECK ( state IN ('UNPAID', 'PENDING', 'PAID', 'ISSUED' ) ) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'UNPAID', request_lookup_id TEXT, pubkey TEXT, created_time INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, paid_time INTEGER, issued_time INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE melt_quote (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    unit TEXT NOT NULL,
+    amount INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    request TEXT NOT NULL,
+    fee_reserve INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    expiry INTEGER NOT NULL
+, state TEXT CHECK ( state IN ('UNPAID', 'PENDING', 'PAID' ) ) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'UNPAID', payment_preimage TEXT, request_lookup_id TEXT, msat_to_pay INTEGER, created_time INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, paid_time INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE melt_request (
+id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+inputs TEXT NOT NULL,
+outputs TEXT,
+method TEXT NOT NULL,
+unit TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+CREATE TABLE config (
+    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    value TEXT NOT NULL
+);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "proof" (
+    y BLOB PRIMARY KEY,
+    amount INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    keyset_id TEXT NOT NULL, -- no FK constraint here
+    secret TEXT NOT NULL,
+    c BLOB NOT NULL,
+    witness TEXT,
+    state TEXT CHECK (state IN ('SPENT', 'PENDING', 'UNSPENT', 'RESERVED', 'UNKNOWN')) NOT NULL,
+    quote_id TEXT,
+    created_time INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "blind_signature" (
+    y BLOB PRIMARY KEY,
+    amount INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    keyset_id TEXT NOT NULL,  -- FK removed
+    c BLOB NOT NULL,
+    dleq_e TEXT,
+    dleq_s TEXT,
+    quote_id TEXT,
+    created_time INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+);
+CREATE INDEX unit_index ON keyset(unit);
+CREATE INDEX active_index ON keyset(active);
+CREATE INDEX request_index ON mint_quote(request);
+CREATE INDEX expiry_index ON mint_quote(expiry);
+CREATE INDEX melt_quote_state_index ON melt_quote(state);
+CREATE INDEX mint_quote_state_index ON mint_quote(state);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_request_lookup_id_mint ON mint_quote(request_lookup_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX unique_request_lookup_id_melt ON melt_quote(request_lookup_id);
+COMMIT;